What Does It Mean If I Have Extremely Painful Periods?

Menstruation is an inevitable part of every woman's life. It occurs every month when the uterus sheds its lining. However, it can come with bloating, mood swings, cramps, and perhaps a day when you slow down. All of these signs are expected and considered normal. We manage them quietly with a painkiller or a hot water bag and carry on with our day. But have you ever paused and wondered if your period pain is normal?

Some cramping is common. But if your period pain is intense, lasts for days, and interferes with everything from sleep to movement, it may be your body’s way of signalling something more. Many women silently endure this pain month after month. But when period pain shifts from uncomfortable to overwhelming, it could be dysmenorrhoea.

What is Dysmenorrhoea?

Dysmenorrhoea is the medical term for painful periods. It refers to cramping pain that occurs just before or during menstruation. While mild cramps are common, dysmenorrhoea goes beyond that. The pain can leave you feeling drained, restless, and unable to carry out your regular routine.

There are two types of dysmenorrhoea:

• Primary Dysmenorrhoea: This is the most common type and usually starts in the teenage years. It’s not linked to any specific medical condition but is caused by the body’s natural response to the menstrual cycle.
• Secondary Dysmenorrhoea: This occurs due to underlying health conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic infections. The pain may worsen over time and often needs medical attention.

What are the Symptoms of Dysmenorrhoea?

Many identify dysmenorrhoea as severe cramps, but symptoms can vary. Common symptoms include:

• Sharp, throbbing, or dull pain in the lower abdomen or back
• Pain that starts a day or two before bleeding and peaks during the first couple of days
• Cramps that radiate to the thighs or legs
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea
• Fatigue or weakness
• Headaches or dizziness

What are the Causes of Dysmenorrhoea?

Dysmenorrhoea isn't random. During menstruation, the uterus contracts to help shed its lining. These contractions are triggered by hormone-like substances called prostaglandins. Higher levels of prostaglandins cause stronger contractions and more intense pain.

When painful periods are due to other health problems, it's known as secondary dysmenorrhoea. Common causes include:

1. Endometriosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing severe pain and inflammation.
2. Uterine Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths that cause heavier and more painful periods.
3. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infections in the reproductive organs cause inflammation and scarring.
4. Adenomyosis: The uterine lining breaks through the muscle wall, resulting in cramping and heavy bleeding.
5. Cervical Stenosis: A rare condition where the cervix is unusually narrow, slowing menstrual flow and increasing pressure.

Are Period Cramps and Painful Periods the Same?

Not exactly. While often used interchangeably, there is a difference:

• Normal cramps: Mild, short-lived pain in the lower belly or back, manageable with rest or a hot compress.
• Painful periods (dysmenorrhoea): Intense cramps with nausea, dizziness, or fatigue that disrupt daily life.

In short, mild cramps are normal. But intense, persistent pain is a sign your body may need medical attention.

How is Dysmenorrhoea Diagnosed?

Diagnosis begins with a gynaecological consultation. They may ask about your medical history, menstrual cycle, and pain levels. Tests may include:

• Pelvic examination
• Ultrasound scan
• Blood tests
• Laparoscopy (if required)

How to Manage Painful Periods Naturally?

Rather than relying solely on painkillers, try these natural remedies:

1. Herbal Teas: Teas like Crampeezy Tea with herbs such as licorice, chamomile, valerian, punarnava, and gotu kola help reduce inflammation and ease cramps.
2. Heat Therapy: Apply a hot water bag to the lower abdomen to relax muscles and ease pain.
3. Gentle Exercise: Activities like walking or yoga boost blood flow and release endorphins.
4. Balanced Diet: Eat anti-inflammatory foods and limit caffeine and processed items.
5. Stress Management: Try meditation, deep breathing, or listening to calming music.

FAQs

1. Are painful periods a sign of good fertility?

No, this is a myth. Extreme pain may indicate issues like endometriosis, which can affect fertility. Always seek medical advice if period pain feels abnormal.

2. What causes heavy and painful periods?

Causes include hormonal imbalances, fibroids, endometriosis, adenomyosis, or infections. Stress and lifestyle factors can also play a role. Consult a gynaecologist if symptoms are severe.